Articles
Jama Mohamed Ghalib's research while affiliated with University of Khartoum.
CEPAD- 2nd Conference on Economics, Public Policy & Administrative Development
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June 26 / 1960 /
Personal Account on 26 June 1960 3 Comments / Somali History / By Suad
In general, the independence of a colonised country or nation begins at 12 o’clock mid-night, which is also quite rightly called the midnight freedom.
It was (is) customary that the colonial Governor must leave the colonised country on the day before that country ‘s independence. That is before the flag, which that Governor represented would be folded up and replace by the flag of the newly would be independent nation.
Therefore, the last British Governor of Somaliland left Hargeisa in the morning of 25 June 1960. Normally a flag is hoisted(put up) at sunrise and lowered at sunset every day.
However, in that fateful evening of 25 June 1960, the Union Jack, as the British flag is called, was being lowered for the last time, and it was being saluted good-bye and honoured with a military parade. And since military parades are held only in day light, the Union Jack was lowered on that day at 5 p.m. i.e. one hour before sunset, at a special ceremony marked by a guard of honour (military parade and salute) mounted (given) by a unit of the Somaliland Scouts Regiment.
In that evening of 25 June 1960, about scores of stands (poles) of metal were erected on the hill below Radio Hargeisa in the northern side of the town. Large sheets were fixed upon those stands on which were written in big capital letters: ‘‘G O B A N I M O ‘’ and lighted, in order to be seen from all corners of the town.
People crowed everywhere, especially around those stands on the hill and on the ground below, waiting until after midnight to see the hoisting of the new, blue Somali flag. In the meantime, they continued folk dances, songs and poems etc.
I was not near where the late Abdullahi Suldaan, alias ‘Tima-Cadde’ recited his famous poem, ‘‘Kaana siib, kanna saar’’. I only heard it later, when it was broadcast over the Radio. But I was standing, in about less than five meters to the other famous artist, the late Abdullahi Gharshe when he sang for the first time his patriotic inaugural song commemorating the new Somali flag and said, ‘‘Qolabaa calan keeduu waa cayneh, innagaa keenu waa cir koo kalee, oo aan caadna la hay nee caashaqa’ee”.
October 11 / 2020 / 8:00 PM
Aftermath of Second World War – Birth of Somalia Leave a Comment / Somali History / By Suad
The south and east of the present Somali Republic had been a former Italian colony. The defeat of the so-called ‘Axis powers’: Germany, Italy and Japan in the Second World War, (1939 -45) after which when Italy lost her former colonies in Africa was the aftermath of the Somali independence. Britain occupied the former Italian Somaliland (Somalia in Italian language). It was administered by a British Military Administration (BMA) for ten years, 1941 -1950. Except the French Somali Coast (Djibouti), all Somali territories including Somaliland, Haud “the Ogaden”, the ex-Italian Somaliland and the Northern Frontier District (NFD), present northeast Kenya fell under British rule during the above ten-year period.
In the mid-1940s, the Peace Council (Foreign Ministers of the Victor Powers: Britain, France, Russia and the United States of America), had to decide the future of the former Italian colonies in Africa: Eritrea, Libya and ex-Italian Somaliland. Britain proposed that all those Somali territories then under her rule be reunited under a United Nations Trusteeship to be administered by Britain. The proposal was rejected by the other members, especially Russia and the United States. There was a second chance when members of the Peace Council consulted the peoples of the territories concerned to ascertain their wishes. Again, the British proposal was rejected, ironically, this time by not other than the Somali Youth League, the pro-independence party in the Ex-Italian Somaliland.
The matter was then referred to the United Nations General Assembly, which in December 1949 decided to place the Ex-Italian Somaliland under United Nations Trusteeship for ten years to be administered by Italy towards independence.
By 1956 the country attained its basic institutions of governance, a parliament and government. Its full independence was also scheduled to become effective on July 1, 1960.